As the impacts of climate change intensify around the world, adaptation efforts are crucial to ensuring that communities, ecosystems and economies are able to survive. National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes are a way for governments to direct resources to such efforts, focusing particularly on vulnerable sectors such as agriculture, water resources and infrastructure, and enhancing coordination and collaboration among different stakeholders involved in adaptation planning and implementation.
But for adaptation efforts to truly be effective, they must consider the unique ways in which women and girls are impacted by climate change. Through its commitment to the Generation Equality Action Coalition on Feminist Action for Climate Justice, the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) is working to ensure that such efforts provide equitable benefits for people of all genders. Through the NAP Global Network and working closely with government partners, IISD is advancing the implementation of its commitment by ensuring the integration of gender considerations in NAP processes, including in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana.
Mainstreaming gender in climate change adaptation in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana
A gender-responsive approach to adaptation planning is grounded in an understanding of how climate change disparately affects people of different genders—including their access to clean water, sanitation and job opportunities, their care and domestic burdens, and their role in the crisis response.
To help capture the gendered impacts of climate change, the NAP Global Network worked with a group of young women in Ghana to build their skills in visual storytelling, partnering with social enterprise Lensational. “I feel inspired to document stories about women and how climate change is affecting them. From now to 2030, what is the change, what would be the effect?” said Emefa Toklo, a participant of the workshop. “I want women’s voices to be heard about how climate change is affecting their livelihoods, how they take care of their families, how they are being displaced. Because in Africa, it’s the women that hold the family”.
The trainees’ stories were shared with adaptation decision makers at a national policy dialogue, and policymakers were moved by the accounts. Antwi-Boasiako Amoah, Acting Director (Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation), Environmental Protection Agency, Ghana, noted that “adding this element of empowering women to be part of this initiative is spectacular. We see a value in bringing on board women in adaptation planning, especially young girls, through telling stories to depict what climate change has meant for their lives.”
Learn more about Ghana’s efforts to amplify the voices of women on the frontlines of climate change in the NAP process: https://youtu.be/G1o9PLlWENY
But in gender-responsive adaptation planning, understanding the impacts is only half the battle. It also requires forming gender-equitable decision-making processes around adaptation, including at the national level. Since 2018, IISD has been helping to drive steady progress in integrating gender considerations in NAP processes. Among the NAPs submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as of March 2023, 98% mention gender and approximately half recognize women as agents of change in climate change adaptation.
Learn more about gender-responsive NAP processes: https://napglobalnetwork.org/resource/gender-responsive-nap-processes-progress-promising-examples/
As part of its commitments to Generation Equality, IISD is also supporting Ghana in promoting gender-responsive climate action. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which leads the NAP process in Ghana, has committed to a gender-responsive NAP approach, working closely with the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection. The NAP Global Network has supported these efforts by facilitating the development of a concrete strategy for integrating gender considerations in the NAP process.
Florence Tanoh, Director of Gender and Equity at Côte d’Ivoire’s Ministry of Women, recognizes the importance of capacity building to better tackle the linkages between gender and climate change. “Talking about the gender-climate nexus makes the issue of gender equality more tangible. The Ministry of Women is a ministry of key importance, but gender issues are often tackled in a relatively theoretical, even mechanical way, like ’We need eight women and eight men’, so that nobody really pays attention,” says Florence.
In Côte d’Ivoire, a concerted effort has been made to build capacities to integrate gender in climate action, in line with a Memorandum of Understanding signed by the ministers in charge of the environment and gender issues in October 2021. As part of its commitments to Generation Equality, IISD organized a series of training sessions, and gender advisors have been providing ongoing support to the Ministry of the Environment, which leads the NAP process.
Since July 2020, the existence of the national platform for gender and climate change (PNGCC) has created a framework for exchanges and synergies between multiple actors with a view to transferring gender and climate skills at the national level. Having more actors involved in adaptation make these links is essential for gender-responsive NAP processes. So far, the work is paying off: “Some gender units, like the one in the Ministry of Hydraulics, have started to organize activities about the gender–climate nexus that relates to their sector,” says Florence. “Interest in climate change is growing rapidly among experts working on gender issues.”
